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Sachin R. Patil

Abstract

This is the first formal attempt to update the list of spiders described from states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The World Spider Catalogue by N. I. Platnick is followed to compile the list. Tikader's list is used for extensive comparison of the present list. Overall, 214 spider species under 22 families and 68 genera have been listed as formally described from Madhya Pradesh including Chhattisgarh. The paper lists synonymised spider taxa and transfers in taxonomic positions.

Keywords

Arachnida, Araneae, Checklist, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Platnick, Review, Spiders, Tikader, Synonym, Taxonomic Transfer

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Sachin R. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijaynagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A consolidated list of freshwater and land molluscan species reported for the first time from the Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. Overall 17 species of freshwater and land mollusca belonging to 11 genera, under 8 families and 4 orders are identified after studying 386 specimens. Habitat structure study indicates more species diversity in littoral zone inhabiting freshwater mollusca than benthic zone and land inhabitants.

Keywords

Freshwater and Land Mollusca, Habitat Structure, Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary

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Sachin R. Patil ¹, S. Sambath ¹, Rita Bhandari ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijaynagar, Jabalpur-482 002
2 Government Autonomous Model Science College, Pachpedi, Jabalpur-482 001.

Abstract

A preliminary study of spider fauna of the RVDWLS was carried out during 2009-2011. The present findings indicated that a total 23 spider species belonging to 12 genera under 7 families were reported for the first time from the sanctuary. Lycosidae was the most diverse family followed by Araneidae, Nephilidae, Oxyopidae, Clubionidae, Ctenidae and Salticidae. The abundance of the Lycosid spiders is mainly attributed to adequacy of leaf- litter in tropical mixed dry deciduous forest. Based on categorization of spiders into habit-wise functional groups, the ground hunters were dominating the foliage orb weavers and foliage hunters. The study has also indicated that there are new records of family, genus and species to the spider fauna of Madhya Pradesh.

Keywords

Spiders Fauna, Ground Hunters, Lycosidae, Habit-Wise Functional Groups, Abundance

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Sachin R. Patil ¹, Swati Patil ², M. B. Patil ¹, Ravi Kumar ¹, Mahesh S. Paschapur ¹

Affiliations
1 K.L.E.S's College of Pharmacy, Ankola - 581314, Karnataka, IN
2 KM Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, IN

Abstract

Objective: To investigate and rationalize the effects of Ocimum kilimandscharicumleaves(Lamiaceae) for their wound healing activity and probable mechanism underlying its protective effects in albino wistar rats.

Methods: The wound healing activity was evaluated using three different types of wound models viz; the excision, incision and dead space wound model. A supportive study was also made on granuloma tissue to estimate the level of hydroxy proline. The healing tissues obtained on the 11^th post wounding day of the incision wound model were processed for histological study.

Results: The animals receiving the alcoholic extract of Ocimum kilimandscharicumleaves has shown to possess significant increase in wound closure rate, skin breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, hydroxy proline content, granuloma dry weight and decrease in mean scar area.

Conclusion: The prohealing potential of the Ocimum kilimandscharicum leaves extract may probably be as a result of the presence of a mixture of phytoconstituents including flavonoids, steroids, etc. and increased collagen deposition as well as better alignment and maturation.

Keywords

Ocimum Kilimandscharicum, Alcoholic Extract, Wound Healing, Hydroxy Proline, Phytochemicals.

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Sachin R. Patil ¹, Rita Bhandari ², Kailash Chandra ³

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Jabalpur-482002, IN
2 Government Autonomous Model Science College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, IN
3 Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, IN

Abstract

The present paper is based on preliminary investigation of the spider fauna of Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary spread in Sagar, Narsinghpur and Damoh districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. There is no report on the spider fauna from this sanctuary. Altogether 51 species of spiders belonging to 25 genera under 12 families from the sanctuary are studied and reported for the first time in the present paper.

Keywords

Araneae, Spider, Diversity, Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh.

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Sachin R. Patil ¹, Swati Patil ², Ravi Kumar ¹, M. B. Patil ³, Mahesh S. Paschapur ⁴

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Principal KM Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present study deals with the formulation and characterization of cross linked chitosan/ albumin microspheres containing an NSAID drug Aceclofenac. The microspheres were prepared by suspension cross linking method using gluteraldehyde as a cross linking agent of the polymer matrix. Total eight formulation batches (F1 to F8) were formulated using chitosan/albumin alone and in combinations. The formulations were subjected to various evaluation parameters like % practical yield, entrapment efficiency, particle size distribution, swelling ratio, In vitro release and stability studies. Perfectly spherical cross linked microspheres loaded with aceclofenac were obtained in the size range of 50 - 500 μm. The % practical yield, entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling ratio were increased with increased concentration of polymer used. The release of aceclofenac was influenced by polymer concentration and size of microspheres. The stability studies of formulation showed 4°C is suitable temperature for storage.

Keywords

Cross Linked Microspheres, Controlled Release, Chitosan, Albumin, Aceclofenac.

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Ravi Kumar ¹, Swati Patil ², M. B. Patil ³, Mahesh S. Paschapur ⁴, Sachin R. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Principal KM Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Fast dissolving tablets of Captopril were prepared by Wow tab and Effervescent technologies. In this study our aim was to provide the tablet that quickly disintegrates or dissolves upon contact with saliva and also to provide a good mouth feel. The excipients used in both the technologies not only aid fast disintegration of tablets, but also mask the slight bitter taste of drug. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and disintegration time and drug dissolution. Tablets from Wow tab and Effervescent technologies have shown 94 and 96% of the drug release at the end of 10 min respectively. Study has shown that 8:6 ratio of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid in the Captopril fast dissolving tablets gave good soothing and excellent mouth feel. Tablet prepared by Wow tab technology, formulation W5 and W6 using low moldability saccharide (lactose and mannitol) showed rapid disintegration and released about 92 and 96% drug respectively. Study concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Captopril could be prepared successfully by above mentioned methods. Tablets imparted patient benefits and increased consumer satisfaction, despite the different mechanisms involved in these techniques.

Keywords

Fast-Dissolving Tablets, Captopril, ACE Inhibitor, Oral Cavity, In vitro Dissolution.

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Ravi Kumar ¹, Swati Patil ², M. B. Patil ³, Sachin R. Patil ³, Mahesh S. Paschapur ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S's College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, IN
2 Principal KM Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S's College of Pharmacy, Ankola- 581314, IN

Abstract

Plant products serve as an alternative to synthetic products because of local accessibility, eco-friendly nature and lower prices compared to imported synthetic products. Natural gums and mucilage have been widely explored as pharmaceutical excipients. Mucilage extracted from Anacardium occidentale (Ao) were subjected to toxicity studies for its safety and preformulation studies for its suitability as a binding agent. The present study was undertaken with an objective to find out the binding potentials of a natural gum obtained from plant Anacardium occidentale. Physicochemical characteristics of mucilage, such as solubility, swelling index, loss on drying, and pH were studied and also microbial load was determined. The mucilage was evaluated for its granulating and binding properties in tablets, using Diclofenac as a model drug. Properties of the granules prepared with diclofenac using five different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% w/v) of Ao mucilage and compared with starch (10%, w/v), as standard binder. The prepared granules were evaluated for percentage of fines, average particle size, total porosity, compressibility index and flow properties. The tablets were prepared and evaluated for content uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution profiles. The tablets had good physicochemical properties, and the drug release was more than 90% within 90 min. The tablets prepared by using 10% mucilage as binder exhibited more hardness than by using 2, 4 and 8% concentration. At 6% concentration it has given similar disintegration time and dissolution profile in comparison to starch at 10 % w/v. Hence, Ao mucilage at 6% w/v concentrations can be considered as ideal concentrations for preparation of tablets.

Keywords

Anacardium Occidentale Mucilage, Binding, Tablets, Diclofenac, Swelling Index.

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Sachin R. Patil ¹, M. B. Patil ², Ravi Kumar ³, Mahesh S. Paschapur ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Objective: The present study is designed to investigate anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of male flowers (inflorescences) of Borassus flabellifer L. (Arecaceae).

Methods: Acute inflammation models like histamine-induced and eggalbumin- induced rat paw edema model and xylene induced ear oedema in mice were employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. The biochemical parameters like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), lipid per oxidation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also estimated as supportive study.

Results: The extract at doses 150mg/kg b.w. and 300mg/kg b.w. and diclofenac sodium (standard) showed significant anti-inflammatory in all the models, as compared to control (p< 0.0001). The extract and standard drug also showed significant (p<0.0001) results for biochemical parameters.

Conclusion: The results of the present further confirm the use of Borassus flabellifer L. traditionally for the treatment of painful inflammatory conditions.

Keywords

Borassus flabellifer L., Inflorescences, Male Flowers, Antiinflammatory, Histamine, Egg-Albumin, SGOT, SGPT, Lipid Per Oxidation, ALP.

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Ajit M. Kure ¹, Sachin R. Patil ¹, Vikas G. Jadhao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Processing of raw agricultural produce works as a backbone of agricultural sector. Day by day to fulfill the need of increasing population processed food requires, maintaining quality of raw product as well as to enhance the market rate.This fermentation is done with the breakdown of complex material into the fermented product. Due to such characteristics fermentation helps to make higher growth of agricultural sector in our economy. Fermentation can be done by various ways but basically it may be aerobic and anaerobic kind. In another group it divided as solid state and submerged fermentation. For submerged condition fermentation needs a fermenter. It is a cylindrical vessel with having features like aeration system, agitation unit and monitoring as well as to control parameters of fermentation media. The efficient lab scale fermenter development was started with the selection of vessel body as of stainless steel-316 food grade material because of currently available market fermenter have problems with their glass body, sterilization, construction etc. So as per design consideration with aspect ratio 3:1 and working capacity of 2.0 lit., fermenter body and its assembly parts were developed. Design of fermenter makes feasible to use it as for aerobic as well as anaerobic condition also. The performance evaluation of developed fermenter was carried out on product basis in which the anaerobic fermented product selected as guava cider and in case aerobic it was alpha amylase enzyme. In anaerobic fermentation by using Sacchromyces cerevisiae yeast and fermenter, guava pulp kept for fermentation for 36 hrs trials. After centrifugation the cider formed with the features like average pH = 4.17, TSS = 4.7⁰Brix and alcohol content = 5.33 per cent. Similarly with the same pulp and proportion fermentation was carried out in glass bottle as a comparative study. In this case also the yield of cider formed in fermenter was observed 10.50 per cent more than in glass bottle. In aerobic condition fermenter model set up was done with aeration unit and with the help of Bacillus subtilis, fermentation of chemical media was carried out for 24 hrs at a pH 7. After fermentation time centrifugation was done and crude enzyme collected. By testing its average enzyme activity were observed as 0.22U/ml and compared with standard maltose curve gave significant results as maltose release 0.42 mg. The developed fermenter of 2.0 lit. working capacity have features like multiple use, in situ sterilization, rigid structure, simple assembly, easy handling and affordable cost of Rs.27313/-.

Keywords

Fermentation, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Fermenter, Cider, Amylase.

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